Carbon
Laravel 時間套件 Time Packages: Carbon
Carbon 時間套件
Carbon 是一個很方便的轉換時間的工具，可以很方便地將時間進行轉換，取得我們想要的特定日期或格式
安裝
Laravel 預設就會安裝 Carbon 套件，若沒有安裝的話可以透過下列的方式進行安裝：
# 使用 Composer 下載 Carbon
$ composer require nesbot/carbon
<?php
// 載入 composer autoload 檔案
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
// 使用 Carbon 類別
use Carbon\Carbon;
printf("Now: %s", Carbon::now());
快速切換前後日期
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
$now = Carbon::now();
echo $now; // 2015-03-26 00:36:47
$today = Carbon::today();
echo $today; // 2015-03-26 00:00:00
$tomorrow = Carbon::tomorrow('Europe/London');
echo $tomorrow; // 2015-03-27 00:00:00
$yesterday = Carbon::yesterday();
echo $yesterday; // 2015-03-25 00:00:00
建立特定日期的時間
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
$timezone = 'Asia/Taipei';
// 從「年月日」建立
Carbon::createFromDate($year, $month, $day, $timezone);
// 從「時分秒」建立
Carbon::createFromTime($hour, $minute, $second, $timezone);
// 從完整的「年月日時分秒」建立
Carbon::create($year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute, $second, $timezone);
// 從指定的格式建立
Carbon::createFromFormat($format, $time, $tz);
echo Carbon::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H', '1975-05-21 22')->toDateTimeString(); // 1975-05-21 22:00:00
// 從時間戳記建立
echo Carbon::createFromTimeStamp(-1)->toDateTimeString(); // 1969-12-31 18:59:59
echo Carbon::createFromTimeStamp(-1, 'Europe/London')->toDateTimeString(); // 1970-01-01 00:59:59
echo Carbon::createFromTimeStampUTC(-1)->toDateTimeString(); // 1969-12-31 23:59:59
轉換日期
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
// 透過文字移動日期
$knownDate = Carbon::create(2001, 5, 21, 12); // create testing date
Carbon::setTestNow($knownDate); // set the mock
echo new Carbon('tomorrow'); // 2001-05-22 00:00:00 ... notice the time !
echo new Carbon('yesterday'); // 2001-05-20 00:00:00
echo new Carbon('next wednesday'); // 2001-05-23 00:00:00
echo new Carbon('last friday'); // 2001-05-18 00:00:00
echo new Carbon('this thursday'); // 2001-05-24 00:00:00
取得日期資料
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
$dt = Carbon::parse('2012-9-5 23:26:11.123789');
// 取的指定時間資料的資訊（整數）
var_dump($dt->year); // int(2012)
var_dump($dt->month); // int(9)
var_dump($dt->day); // int(5)
var_dump($dt->hour); // int(23)
var_dump($dt->minute); // int(26)
var_dump($dt->second); // int(11)
var_dump($dt->micro); // int(123789)
var_dump($dt->dayOfWeek); // int(3)
var_dump($dt->dayOfYear); // int(248)
var_dump($dt->weekOfMonth); // int(1)
var_dump($dt->weekOfYear); // int(36)
var_dump($dt->daysInMonth); // int(30)
var_dump($dt->timestamp); // int(1346901971)
var_dump(Carbon::createFromDate(1975, 5, 21)->age); // int(39) calculated vs now in the same tz
var_dump($dt->quarter); // int(3)
// 回傳與 UTC 差異的秒數
var_dump(Carbon::createFromTimestampUTC(0)->offset); // int(0)
var_dump(Carbon::createFromTimestamp(0)->offset); // int(-18000)
// 回傳與 UTC 差異的時數
var_dump(Carbon::createFromTimestamp(0)->offsetHours); // int(-5)
// 找出當天日否有日光節約時間
var_dump(Carbon::createFromDate(2012, 1, 1)->dst); // bool(false)
var_dump(Carbon::createFromDate(2012, 9, 1)->dst); // bool(true)
// 判斷指定的的時區是否與預設的時區相同
var_dump(Carbon::now()->local); // bool(true)
var_dump(Carbon::now('America/Vancouver')->local); // bool(false)
// 判斷是否為 UTC 的時區時間
var_dump(Carbon::now()->utc); // bool(false)
var_dump(Carbon::now('Europe/London')->utc); // bool(true)
var_dump(Carbon::createFromTimestampUTC(0)->utc); // bool(true)
// 取得時區實例
echo get_class(Carbon::now()->timezone); // DateTimeZone
echo get_class(Carbon::now()->tz); // DateTimeZone
// 取得時區實例的名稱
echo Carbon::now()->timezoneName; // America/Toronto
echo Carbon::now()->tzName; // America/Toronto
設定時間資料
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
$dt = Carbon::now();
$dt->year = 1975;
$dt->month = 13; // 年份會強制 +1，且月份變為 1 月
$dt->month = 5;
$dt->day = 21;
$dt->hour = 22;
$dt->minute = 32;
$dt->second = 5;
$dt->timestamp = 169957925; // 這個設定不會變更時區
// 透過字串或是 DateTimeZone 實例去設定時區
$dt->timezone = new DateTimeZone('Europe/London');
$dt->timezone = 'Europe/London';
$dt->tz = 'Europe/London';
// 鏈結設定方式
$dt->year(1975)->month(5)->day(21)->hour(22)->minute(32)->second(5)->toDateTimeString();
$dt->setDate(1975, 5, 21)->setTime(22, 32, 5)->toDateTimeString();
$dt->setDateTime(1975, 5, 21, 22, 32, 5)->toDateTimeString();
$dt->timestamp(169957925)->timezone('Europe/London');
$dt->tz('America/Toronto')->setTimezone('America/Vancouver');
格式化時間資料
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
$dt = Carbon::create(1975, 12, 25, 14, 15, 16);
var_dump($dt->toDateTimeString() == $dt); // bool(true) => uses __toString()
echo $dt->toDateString(); // 1975-12-25
echo $dt->toFormattedDateString(); // Dec 25, 1975
echo $dt->toTimeString(); // 14:15:16
echo $dt->toDateTimeString(); // 1975-12-25 14:15:16
echo $dt->toDayDateTimeString(); // Thu, Dec 25, 1975 2:15 PM
// 仍可以使用 format() 函式
echo $dt->format('l jS \\of F Y h:i:s A'); // Thursday 25th of December 1975 02:15:16 PM
// 常用的時間格式
echo $dt->toAtomString(); // in 1 Jahr
echo $dt->toCookieString(); // Thursday, 25-Dec-1975 14:15:16 EST
echo $dt->toIso8601String(); // 1975-12-25T14:15:16-0500
echo $dt->toRfc822String(); // Thu, 25 Dec 75 14:15:16 -0500
echo $dt->toRfc850String(); // Thursday, 25-Dec-75 14:15:16 EST
echo $dt->toRfc1036String(); // Thu, 25 Dec 75 14:15:16 -0500
echo $dt->toRfc1123String(); // Thu, 25 Dec 1975 14:15:16 -0500
echo $dt->toRfc2822String(); // Thu, 25 Dec 1975 14:15:16 -0500
echo $dt->toRfc3339String(); // 1975-12-25T14:15:16-05:00
echo $dt->toRssString(); // Thu, 25 Dec 1975 14:15:16 -0500
echo $dt->toW3cString(); // 1975-12-25T14:15:16-05:00
比較時間差異
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
echo Carbon::now()->tzName; // America/Toronto
$first = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 23, 26, 11);
$second = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 20, 26, 11, 'America/Vancouver');
echo $first->toDateTimeString(); // 2012-09-05 23:26:11
echo $first->tzName; // America/Toronto
echo $second->toDateTimeString(); // 2012-09-05 20:26:11
echo $second->tzName; // America/Vancouver
// 大於、等於、小於
var_dump($first->eq($second)); // bool(true)
var_dump($first->ne($second)); // bool(false)
var_dump($first->gt($second)); // bool(false)
var_dump($first->gte($second)); // bool(true)
var_dump($first->lt($second)); // bool(false)
var_dump($first->lte($second)); // bool(true)
$first->setDateTime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
$second->setDateTime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); // Remember tz is 'America/Vancouver'
var_dump($first->eq($second)); // bool(false)
var_dump($first->ne($second)); // bool(true)
var_dump($first->gt($second)); // bool(false)
var_dump($first->gte($second)); // bool(false)
var_dump($first->lt($second)); // bool(true)
var_dump($first->lte($second)); // bool(true)
// 時間區間比較
$first = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 1);
$second = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5);
var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 3)->between($first, $second)); // bool(true)
var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5)->between($first, $second)); // bool(true)
var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5)->between($first, $second, false)); // bool(false)
// 時間大小比較
$dt1 = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
$dt2 = Carbon::create(2014, 1, 30, 0, 0, 0);
echo $dt1->min($dt2); // 2012-01-01 00:00:00
$dt1 = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
$dt2 = Carbon::create(2014, 1, 30, 0, 0, 0);
echo $dt1->max($dt2); // 2014-01-30 00:00:00
// now is the default param
$dt1 = Carbon::create(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
echo $dt1->max();
// 時間差異運算
echo Carbon::now('America/Vancouver')->diffInSeconds(Carbon::now('Europe/London')); // 0
$dtOttawa = Carbon::createFromDate(2000, 1, 1, 'America/Toronto');
$dtVancouver = Carbon::createFromDate(2000, 1, 1, 'America/Vancouver');
echo $dtOttawa->diffInHours($dtVancouver); // 3
echo $dtOttawa->diffInHours($dtVancouver, false); // 3
echo $dtVancouver->diffInHours($dtOttawa, false); // -3
$dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 0);
echo $dt->diffInDays($dt->copy()->addMonth()); // 31
echo $dt->diffInDays($dt->copy()->subMonth(), false); // -31
$dt = Carbon::create(2012, 4, 30, 0);
echo $dt->diffInDays($dt->copy()->addMonth()); // 30
echo $dt->diffInDays($dt->copy()->addWeek()); // 7
$dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 1, 0);
echo $dt->diffInMinutes($dt->copy()->addSeconds(59)); // 0
echo $dt->diffInMinutes($dt->copy()->addSeconds(60)); // 1
echo $dt->diffInMinutes($dt->copy()->addSeconds(119)); // 1
echo $dt->diffInMinutes($dt->copy()->addSeconds(120)); // 2
echo $dt->addSeconds(120)->secondsSinceMidnight(); // 120
時間狀態
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
$dt = Carbon::now();
$dt->isWeekday();
$dt->isWeekend();
$dt->isYesterday();
$dt->isToday();
$dt->isTomorrow();
$dt->isFuture();
$dt->isPast();
$dt->isLeapYear();
$dt->isSameDay(Carbon::now());
$born = Carbon::createFromDate(1987, 4, 23);
$noCake = Carbon::createFromDate(2014, 9, 26);
$yesCake = Carbon::createFromDate(2014, 4, 23);
var_dump($born->isBirthday($noCake)); // bool(false)
var_dump($born->isBirthday($yesCake)); // bool(true)
時間運算
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
$dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 0);
echo $dt->toDateTimeString(); // 2012-01-31 00:00:00
echo $dt->addYears(5); // 2017-01-31 00:00:00
echo $dt->addYear(); // 2018-01-31 00:00:00
echo $dt->subYear(); // 2017-01-31 00:00:00
echo $dt->subYears(5); // 2012-01-31 00:00:00
echo $dt->addMonths(60); // 2017-01-31 00:00:00
echo $dt->addMonth(); // 2017-03-03 00:00:00 equivalent of $dt->month($dt->month + 1); so it wraps
echo $dt->subMonth(); // 2017-02-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->subMonths(60); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->addDays(29); // 2012-03-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->addDay(); // 2012-03-04 00:00:00
echo $dt->subDay(); // 2012-03-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->subDays(29); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->addWeekdays(4); // 2012-02-09 00:00:00
echo $dt->addWeekday(); // 2012-02-10 00:00:00
echo $dt->subWeekday(); // 2012-02-09 00:00:00
echo $dt->subWeekdays(4); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->addWeeks(3); // 2012-02-24 00:00:00
echo $dt->addWeek(); // 2012-03-02 00:00:00
echo $dt->subWeek(); // 2012-02-24 00:00:00
echo $dt->subWeeks(3); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->addHours(24); // 2012-02-04 00:00:00
echo $dt->addHour(); // 2012-02-04 01:00:00
echo $dt->subHour(); // 2012-02-04 00:00:00
echo $dt->subHours(24); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->addMinutes(61); // 2012-02-03 01:01:00
echo $dt->addMinute(); // 2012-02-03 01:02:00
echo $dt->subMinute(); // 2012-02-03 01:01:00
echo $dt->subMinutes(61); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00
echo $dt->addSeconds(61); // 2012-02-03 00:01:01
echo $dt->addSecond(); // 2012-02-03 00:01:02
echo $dt->subSecond(); // 2012-02-03 00:01:01
echo $dt->subSeconds(61); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00
人類閱讀時間格式
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
// 通常會用在留言的時間顯示
// 該時間會比較與現在的時間的差異
echo Carbon::now()->subDays(5)->diffForHumans(); // 5 days ago
echo Carbon::now()->diffForHumans(Carbon::now()->subYear()); // 1 year after
$dt = Carbon::createFromDate(2011, 8, 1);
echo $dt->diffForHumans($dt->copy()->addMonth()); // 1 month before
echo $dt->diffForHumans($dt->copy()->subMonth()); // 1 month after
echo Carbon::now()->addSeconds(5)->diffForHumans(); // 5 seconds from now
echo Carbon::now()->subDays(24)->diffForHumans(); // 3 weeks ago
echo Carbon::now()->subDays(24)->diffForHumans(null, true); // 3 weeks
時間常數
<?php
use Carbon\Carbon;
var_dump(Carbon::SUNDAY); // int(0)
var_dump(Carbon::MONDAY); // int(1)
var_dump(Carbon::TUESDAY); // int(2)
var_dump(Carbon::WEDNESDAY); // int(3)
var_dump(Carbon::THURSDAY); // int(4)
var_dump(Carbon::FRIDAY); // int(5)
var_dump(Carbon::SATURDAY); // int(6)
var_dump(Carbon::YEARS_PER_CENTURY); // int(100)
var_dump(Carbon::YEARS_PER_DECADE); // int(10)
var_dump(Carbon::MONTHS_PER_YEAR); // int(12)
var_dump(Carbon::WEEKS_PER_YEAR); // int(52)
var_dump(Carbon::DAYS_PER_WEEK); // int(7)
var_dump(Carbon::HOURS_PER_DAY); // int(24)
var_dump(Carbon::MINUTES_PER_HOUR); // int(60)
var_dump(Carbon::SECONDS_PER_MINUTE); // int(60)